A Holy Dip in the Holy Waters at Kumbh Mela or Pushkar Events

The Ardh Kumbh Mela or Half  Kumbh Mela event will take place in the first quarter of the year 2019 on the banks of River Ganges at Prayag, Allahabad.

You must have come across these terms 'holy river' or 'holy water' many times if you are in India or living with Indian Community in your circles.

What is a Holy River and Why it is Holy

The river Ganges or 'Ganga' is considered as a very pious and holy river with magical attributes since history immemorial. The Vedas and Puranas glorified "Ganga" as the Holy Mother purifying human beings from their sins. It is believed that the river was formed from heavenly nectar that descended to earth with the help of Shiva on the severe penance of  Bhagiratha who brought it down to give rebirth to his ancestors. So, the starting point of Ganges is known as Bhagiratha tirtha on the Himalayas. Since it was brought down to earth for giving rebirth or salvation to the ancestors and as it contains heavenly nectar which makes life eternal with no death, people believe that whoever takes bath in this river gets rid of all sins and attains moksha which is free of death and earthly attachments.

What is Holy Water?

Holy water refers to the water of Ganges and that of other rivers during some auspicious moments or periods. The waters of other rivers are treated as 'holy water' during the time periods of the occasions of Kumbh Mela or Pushkar that occur at each 12-year gaps.

Normal water is also converted into holy water by sprinkling a drop or two of the holy water into it that can be used for religious and other auspicious purposes. That is why some people carry holy water in bottles to their homes after bathing at Kumbh Mela or Pushkar occasions. That water is stored and used for a lengthy period on such auspicious occasions.

Kumbh Mela

Kumbh Mela is celebrated after completion of every 3 years at each one of these four places rotationally:- Haridwar, Prayag, Nasik, and Ujjain. The rivers of these four places are respectively as follows.

• River Ganges at Haridwar
• The confluence of 3 rivers - Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati at Prayag in Allahabad.
• River Godavari at Nashik
• River Shipra at Ujjain.

So, each of these four places celebrates the Kumbh Mela after every 12 years gap.

Four Kumbh Mela Places & Duration of Celebrations

1. Allahabad- During Magha masa or for approximately 45 days during the months of January-February.
2. Haridwar-  During Chaitra masa or for approx. 45 days during March-April.
3. Ujjain-       During Vaishakha masa or approximately 45 days during April-May.
4. Nashik-     During bhadrapada masa or approx. 45 days during August-September.

Pushkar or Pushkaralu

As per Hindu mythology, "Pushkar" is the name of one great pious person or angel who can live in water and purify the waters. So, Jupiter requests him to travel along with him all through the years and keep purifying all waters of all rivers. Pushkar accepts Jupiter's request and started to live in the rivers along the path of Jupiter.

One day's travel of Jupiter is equal to one year for us human beings.

'Pushkaram' is the event of celebration when Jupiter enters into one of the zodiac signs and remains there for one year. The first twelve days are most important and known as adi Pushkaram and the last twelve days are known as Antya Pushkaralu.

As per Hindu astrology, there are twelve rashis in each year which are known as zodiac signs. Each zodiac sign is associated with a river. So, when Jupiter enters a particular zodiac sign each year, the river associated with that sign becomes the place of pushkaram for that year. In this way, each river celebrates pushkaram on their turn every 12 years. So, the cities and towns on the banks of each of these 12 rivers celebrate pushkaram or holy dips (also known as pushkaralu in Andhra Pradesh) every 12 years.

The Rivers and their corresponding zodiac signs: 
(The Hindu astrological Rashi names are also given for each zodiac sign in brackets)

Chart showing River Names and Corresponding zodiac signs with a period of their occurrence

RIVER	Zodiac sign	Period
Ganges	Aries         (mesh rashi)	March-April
Narmada	Taurus      (vrushabh rashi)	April-May
Saraswati	Gemini     (mithun rashi)	May-June
Yamuna	Cancer      (kark rashi)	June-July
Godavari	Leo            (simha rashi)	July-August
Krishna	Virgo         (kanya rashi)	August-September
Kaveri	Libra          (tula rashi)	September-Oct.
Bhīma/Tamraparni	Scorpio     (vrushchik rashi)	October-Nov.
Tapti/ Brahmaputra	Sagittarius (dhanur rashi)	November-Dec.
Tungabhadra	Capricorn  (makar rashi)	December-January
Sindhu	Aquarius   (kumbh rashi)	January-Feb.
Pranhita	Pisces        (meena rashi)	February-March

So, for Kumbh Mela purpose, the above mentioned four places of Allahabad(Prayag), Haridwar, Nashik, and Ujjain are famous where tens of millions of people gather to take bath in the holy river.

Regarding pushkaralu, all the places falling on the banks of above mentioned 12 rivers are believed to be auspicious and holy.

So, devotees flock to any place whichever is nearer to them to take a dip in the holy waters on that occasions.

But, much importance is given to those places only with major waters flowing in abundance. It might also be due to the location of famous temples in those places.

People pray to God while taking bath chanting God's name or some hymns and take three dips into the waters. Then, they go to the temple on the banks and offer prayers and take blessings of God.

For some more details about Kumbh Mela or Maha Kumbh, you may visit this post.

Maha Kumbh Mela: The Largest Gathering of Pilgrims on Earth

Kumbh Mela or Maha Kumbh Mela is an occasion when millions of people take a dip in holy waters at the banks of holy rivers in India. During this period the largest gathering of people on earth on a single occasion takes place. It is an auspicious occasion for Hindus, who believe that by taking a dip in the holy waters during this period of Kumbh Mela all their sins get washed out and will attain Moksha or immortality and union with God.

That too, especially, on this special occasion of MahaKumbh Mela which happens only once in twelve years when all the angels bless them with bliss and eternal happiness.

The spiritual bathing ceremony of Kumbh Mela can be done on any single day during the Kumbh Mela period of 40 days. But some devotees take baths again and again on different days that are treated as most auspicious than other days of this period.


Now, how it all started is not correctly traceable. This practice of taking bath in the holy river waters was there since the time of our Puranas.

The story goes that when the ocean of milk was being churned by Devas and Asuras (the demi-gods and demons) to get the nectar of immortality or Amrita, fighting took place in between them to have the first share of it. And, to resolve the issue and make the Amrita available to Devatas only, Lord Vishnu took the shape of a beautiful angel, Mohini, and alluring Asuras flew away with the nectar. It was believed that during this incidence, the nectar or Amrit got spilled out at four different places and these four places have become holy places of rivers bestowing people with Moksha.


These four places are Haridwar, Prayag(Allahabad), Ujjain, and Nasik. So bathing in the rivers of Ganga at Haridwar, the Godavari at Nasik, Kshipra in Ujjain and Triveni Sangam, or the confluence of three rivers of Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati at Prayag has become a popular ritual belief and practice since that time for attaining immortality or moksha.

As the battle took place for full 12 days and nights before Mohini flew away with the Kumbh or the pot containing the Amrit, the Kumbh Mela came to be celebrated every 12 years commemorating that battle and the spill of nectar.

It is believed that the time period of one day plus one night of the Devas and Asuras was equivalent to one year of human beings.

So the Kumbh Mela came to being celebrated at a gap of each twelve years.

The Kumbh at Prayag (Allahabad) is celebrated when the Sun enters the Capricorn sign or Makar rasi. It begins on 14th January (Makar Sankranthi Day) and lasts up to Maha Shivarathri for a period of 55 days or so.

The events at the other three places are celebrated in different periods.

At Haridwar, it is celebrated when the Sun enters the Aries sign or Mesha rasi.

At Nasik, it is celebrated when Sun enters the Leo sign or Simha rasi.

And, at Ujjaini it is celebrated during the period when Sun is in Scorpio sign or Vrischik rasi.

It is a great amazing event where people of various faiths and beliefs gather together leaving behind all their differences.

Rich and poor, educated and illiterate, children and young and old age people, politicians and business class and all types of people from all over the world gather there with the only wish of taking a dip in the holy waters and attain moksha.

The first day of the bath is most significant as Naga Sadhus of 13 akharas take processions with elephants, horses, and chariots and music bands wearing simply nothing or scantily and take bath in groups at predetermined places for them.


The civic administrations make elaborate arrangements on these occasions to control the free flow of pilgrims to the ghats and for their amenities and safety. Numerous tents are erected for changing clothes and taking rest. Security posts and helplines are arranged with 24-hour service to look at their needs and problems. Even though throughout the whole period is auspicious for taking the bath to attain moksha, some days are believed to be very very auspicious for attaining the eternal bliss of immortality like Makar Sankranthi, Poush Poornima ( Pushya Purnima), Basant Panchami, Ratha Saptami, Bhisma Ekadashi and Maha Shivarathri on which days it is believed that people directly get union with God after death.

The Ardh Kumbh Mela is a mini Kumbh Mela celebrated six-yearly


P.S. Images are from google images.